Tooth Extracting Process
Tooth Extracting Process
Dentists have a variety of tools they use to manipulate and apply pressure to teeth. Some of them are specialized pliers termed "extraction forceps."
Pediatric Forceps
Forcep to remove Maxillary deciduous teeth
- 150s
- 151s
The pediatric forceps #150S is used to remove maxillary deciduous teeth and is a scaled down version of the #150. The #151S, a smaller version of the 151, is used to remove mandibular deciduous teeth.
Hawkbill Type Forceps
Dental Forceps for Mandibular Anteriors and Bicuspids
There are three hawkbill-type forceps: the Mead #MD3, the #13, and the #22. The Mead #3 forceps are used on mandibular anteriors and bicuspids, the #13 forceps are used on mandibular first, second bicuspids, and the #22 forceps on mandibular first, second, and third molars. The beaks are perpendicular to the working action of the handles. This design gives the dentist a great deal of leverage with minimum effort. The major difference between these forceps is the width of the beaks, because they are used to remove different teeth.
Mandibular Molars Forceps
Lower Jaw Molar Extracting Forceps
There are several popular extraction forceps for the mandibular molars, including the
- #15
- #16
- #17
- #217
- #222.
FORCEPS #15
Forceps #15 are used to remove mandibular first and second molars. The beaks have concave inner surfaces with pointed projection on the tips. These forceps work well in grasping the crown with the two projecting tips extending to the bifurcation between the two roots on mandibular third molars. The left handle on the #15 has a finger rest.
FORCEPS #16
Forceps #16 are used to remove mandibular molars. The #16 forceps are nicknamed mandibular cowhorns when they are open. The left handle on the #16 has a finger rest.
FORCEPS #17
Forceps #17, like the #15 and #16 forceps, are used on lower first and second molars. The beaks of the #17 forceps are similar to the beaks of the #15 forceps; however, the handle of the #17 is straight.
FORCEPS #217
Forceps #217 are used to remove mandibular second and third molars. The beaks have inner concave surfaces and pointed projections much like those of the #15 forceps. The handles have a slight curvature and resemble those of the #151 forceps.
FORCEPS #222.
Forceps #222 are used on mandibular third molars. The beaks on the #222 forceps are rounded with concave inner surfaces, and angle sharply from the handle.
The Copper Sulphate Test
Test to evaluate quality of steel
This requires the immersion of the instruments in a chemical solution consisting of Copper Sulphate (CuSO4-5H20) 4g, Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) 10g, and distilled water 90ml. The instruments should be thoroughly scrubbed with soap and water, followed by immersion in 95% Ethyl Alcohol. It should then be immersed in the Copper Sulphate solution for 6 minutes at room temperature. The Copper Sulphate solution will react with any free iron on the surface of the instruments, and plate out copper on them, any reddish discolouration of the surface indicates that the composition of the metal is not of a surgical grade.
THE BOIL TEST
Test conducted to analyze corrosions
The Boil Test requires that the instruments should be scrubbed using soap and warm water, rinsed thoroughly in hot water, then dipped in 95% Ethyl Alcohol. It should then be in boiling distilled water, in a glass or ceramic beaker for at least 30 minutes, and subsequently allowed to cool in the distilled water.The Military Specification requires that it be cooled in the distilled water for 24 hours, at which time it should be examined. ISO requires that the metal be removed from the distilled water after boiling for thirty minutes, then remain in air 2 hours prior to examination.
In the interpretation of the test, the ISO draft states "The instrument shall be wiped with a dry cloth, and inspected for visible signs of corrosion. Any blemish not removed by vigorous hand rubbing with a cloth, shall be considered evidence of corrosion.
What is Passivation?
"The removal of exogenous iron or iron compounds from the surface of a stainless steel by means of a chemical dissolution, most typically by a treatment with an acid solution that will remove the surface contamination but will not significantly affect the stainless steel itself"
In addition, it also describes passivation as “the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of enhancing the spontaneous formation of the protective passive film.”
In layman's terms, the passivation process removes “free iron” contamination left behind
on the surface of the stainless steel as a result of machining and fabricating processes.
These contaminants are potential corrosion sites which, if not removed, result in premature corrosion and ultimately result in deterioration of the component. In addition, the PASSIVATION OF STAINLESS STEEL passivation process facilitates the formation of a very thin, transparent oxide film, which protects the stainless steel from “selective” oxidation (corrosion).
Mandibular Incisors, Cuspids, and Bicuspids
Dental Extraction Forceps for Lower Jaw
Two commonly used extraction forceps for the mandibular anteriors and bicuspids are
- #151
- #203.
FORCEPS #151
Forceps #151 are used primarily to extract mandibular anteriors, bicuspids, and roots and are often known as the mandibular universal forceps. These forceps are similar to the #150 forceps except the beaks are set at an angle opposite to the slightly curved handles.
FORCEPS #203
Forceps #203 are used on mandibular anterior, bicuspids, and roots. These forceps are like the #101 (mentioned later), except the beaks are more sharply angled from the handles. Like the #101 handles, the #203 handles are straight (fig. 5-40).
Maxillary Molars Extraction Forceps
Dental Forceps for upper jaw, molars
Extraction forceps for maxillary first and second molars are designed as left and right forceps because these teeth are trifurcated. Some of the commonly used forceps for these teeth are as follows.
- #53L
- #53R
- #88L
- #88R
Forceps designed for third molars include
- #210H
- #210S.
Forceps #53L and #53R.
Forceps #53L and #53R are used to extract maxillary first and second molars. The letters "L" and "R" indicate that the forceps are used on the left and right sides of the maxillary arch. They have straight handles with offset bayonet-type beaks. The design lets the dentist grasp the tooth securely for rocking and elevating movements. root portion of a tooth so the dentist can rock the tooth from its socket.
Forceps #88L and #88R
Forceps #88L and #88R are often called cowhorns. Like the #53L and #53R, they are used on the maxillary first and second molars. They differ slightly from the #53L and #53R in the way they remove a tooth. The primary use of the #53L and #53R forceps is to grasp the crown and The wedging action of these straight handled forceps lifts the tooth from its socket.
FORCEPS #210H AND #210S.
Forceps #210H and #210S are used to remove maxillary third molars (fig. 5-38). The #210H has short beaks and smooth rounded tips and a wide concave inner surface. The end of the left handle is noticeably curled to form a finger rest. The #210H is particularly effective in grasping the generally underdeveloped maxillary third molar crowns. The #210S forceps have a slightly wider beak than the #210H, and there isn’t a finger rest curl. It is also used to extract maxillary third molars.
Maxillary Forceps for Incisors, Cuspids, and Bicuspids
English Pattern Dental Forceps for the Upper Jaw
FORCEPS #1.
FORCEPS #1.—Forceps #1 are used to remove maxillary incisors and cuspids. The beaks (grasping parts) are in line with the handle (above fig). Because of the straight line design, a dentist can exert a lot of leverage.
FORCEPS #65.
(Forcep No. 65 Right)
Forceps #65 (Left and Right) are used on overlapping maxillary incisors and root tips. The handles of the #65 forceps are straight and the beaks are offset (fig above). When the forceps are closed, they resemble a bayonet. The beaks are short, very narrow, and slender.
FORCEPS #150.
The Forceps #150 are sometimes referred to as maxillary universal forceps. Even though the #150 forceps can be used in any region of the maxillary arch, they are specifically designed to remove maxillary incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, and residual roots. The beaks are set at an angle to the handles, which makes them accessible to any part of the maxillary arch. When the handles are closed, the beaks are noticeably close together at the tips and curve opposite each other to resemble "parentheses." FORCEPS #286.—Forceps #286 are similar to forceps #65. The biggest differences are that the #286 beaks are wider, and there is a wider space between the beaks nearest the handles when they are closed. These characteristics make the #286 a little more suitable than the #65 for removing maxillary bicuspids. The #286 also is used to remove maxillary incisors and residual roots.
Amalgam Carriers & Instruments
Introduction to Amalgam carriers
Amalgam carriers are used to pick-up, transport, and pack freshly mixed amalgam into the prepared cavity. There are two types of carriers:
the lever and plunger type.
Plunger Type - Single Ended
Lever type - Single or Double Ended.
Dental Instruments Manufacturing
Manufacturing Steps
Dental Instruments Manufacturing takes lots of steps and a single piece of instrument has to undergo 20-30 manufacturing stages before it could get ready. Following is the detail of those steps in brief. Fore more information on that, please write to us at dentalforceps@gmail.com
1. Steel
The quality of steel is very important in the production of quality instruments. The best you select the best you produce. In order to ensure the finest of quality steel, we have imported or best quality local steel as required by valued customers.
2. Forging
Forging is a process of cutting shaped raw instruments with the help of dyes and hammers. Here, the skilled hands give life to the metal and give it the rudimentary shape that will go through series of complicated processes.
3. Forging Inspection
At this stage, forged tools are checked to ensure no piece contains any cracks or is reshaped beyond acceptable limits. Checking the quality of raw instruments for: -
a. Shape fault
b. Broken
4. Machining
In this process forging is cut or shaped by machines i.e. cutting sharp edges and raw material in the shape. Here instruments are given their shape through grinding and hammers. For this purpose, extremely skilled labor is required and this process is carried out by instrument specialists only.
5. Milling
Drilling of holes in the instruments where required for screws. Different kids of screwing machines are used and instruments are made pairs here. Instruments with even the slightest difference in whole positions will suffer otherwise.
6. Inspection
At this stage, all the instruments are inspected not only for machining and milling, but for every process they’ve been through. It’s the stage where only best instruments are selected and instruments with tiny holes and manufacturing faults are again sorted out.
7. Filling
At this stage the steel is not too hard so filling is used to shape the instruments in the exact shape they are required to be. The workers match the shape exactly with the samples provided at this stage. So the instruments get most of their shapes at this stage.
8. Filling Inspection
After filling the inspection is made and measurements and shapes are checked according to samples.
9. Binding and Temper
At this step the instruments are bound in groups of 12 pieces. Then they put them in temper machine, which is filled with a particular material. Here instruments are tempered and its ensured that every instrument get equal heat and treatment so a consistent quality would achieve.
10. Snaffing Fitting
For scissors and forceps they are in two pieces so they are joined in this process with screw. Forceps (Tweezers) are joined before and their joint is leveled with a machine by burning the raw material on the joint. At the same stage, instruments are filled to eliminate welding suspensions.
11. Plant or Heat Treatment
In this process the instruments are dipped in a material by hanging for five minutes to harden the material.
12. Polishing
Instruments are polished at this stage. Till this point at manufacturing stage, all the necessary shaping is done. Polishing makes every millimeter of instrument clear and any instrument with hidden defects are revealed could be sorted out.
13. Q. A Inspection 2%
2% of each lot of instruments is checked by executives and then go the further processing. In inspection they see each and every part and defective parts are marked with red marker and if rejected send to polishing again.
14. Ultrasonic Cleaning
In this process the instruments are dipped in two materials for cleaning the polish raw thing on it. 1 min. for first material and then for half min. for other material. Ultrasonic cleaning cleans any polishing material stuck and leaves the instrument crystal clear.
15. Lubrication
All the instruments involving screws are lubricated at this step. Lubricating the instruments moveable portions facilitates the instrument movement.
16. Tuck checking
In this process workers check the cuts and all other things just by viewing the instruments individually.
17. Etching
Putting each instrument on stamp pad and burning process to put stamp on each instrument. This stamping procedure is done through electronic etching machines that make the stamp reliable and even sustainable under high boiling temperatures when instruments are sterilized.
18. Cleaning and Checking
Instruments are cleaned and checked again one by one. Again it’s the checking for operation, measurements, polish and usability.
19. Q. A Inspection 4 %
4% of the instruments are inspection by Q. A. Directors. Samples for inspection are taken randomly and are observed to every bit of detail. Even the slightest difference from acceptable standards could result in rejection of whole lot.
20. Packing
Packing in boxes each contains 100 pieces. 10 Boxes in a Carton. Here instruments are packed with respect to sizes and types. Instruments boxes are properly labeled and stored in proper storing environment.
21. Labeling
Labels are put in this process.
22. Storage
Storage by lot and order number
23. Delivery
Instruments are finally delivered
These processes are also included as required.
- Passivation
- Boil Test
- Gold plating in different manner.
- Copper Sulphate test.
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